(ح، ض) وَلِيَ يَلِيْ وَلْيًا وَوِلَايَةًwaliya yalī wa-lyan wa-wilāyatan (original form: وَلِيَ يَوْلِيُwaliya yawliyu): to be right next to someone, to follow immediately behind with no gap; hence: to be near, to be a friend, to be a supporter and patron, to take charge (of a matter). ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِيْنَ يَلُوْنَكُمْ مِّنَ الْكُفَّارِ﴾ (At-Tawbah 9:123)
وَلِيٌّwaliyy pl. اَوْلِيَآءُawliyāʾu (adjective on the pattern فَعِيْلٌfaʿīl): friend, supporter, patron. ﴿اَللّٰهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:257); ﴿اَلَآ اِنَّ اَوْلِيَآءَ اللّٰهِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُوْنَ﴾ (Yūnus 10:62)
مَوْلًيmawlany pl. مَوَالِيْmawālī (noun of time or place (ẓarf) on the pattern مَفْعَلٌmafʿal, اصلاً مَوْلَيٌaṣlan mawlay): the one who sees matters through, disposer of affairs, one in charge; also a relative, an heir. ﴿اَنْتَ مَوْلٰىنَا فَانْصُرْنَا﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:286); ﴿وَاِنِّيْ خِفْتُ الْمَوَالِيَ مِنْ وَّرَآءِيْ﴾ (Maryam 19:5)
وَلَايَةٌwalāyah (verbal noun, maṣdar): a bond based on affection, connection, concern; (in another reading وِلَايَةٌwilāyah: authority, guardianship). ﴿مَا لَكُمْ مِّنْ وَّلَايَتِهِمْ مِّنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ (Al-Anfāl 8:72); ﴿هُنَالِكَ الْوَلَايَةُ لِلّٰهِ الْحَقِّ﴾ (Al-Kahf 18:44)
اَوْلٰىawlā (elative, ism tafḍīl): nearer, more entitled; "اَوْلٰى لَكَawlā laka" as a threat: (ruin) is nearer to you. ﴿اَلنَّبِيُّ اَوْلٰى بِالْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ مِنْ اَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ (Al-Aḥzāb 33:6); ﴿اَوْلٰى لَكَ فَاَوْلٰى﴾ (Al-Qiyāmah 75:34)
Form II (tafʿīl) وَلّٰى يُوَلِّيْ تَوْلِيَةًwallā yuwallī tawliyatan: (1) to turn someone towards something (2) to turn one's back (on someone), to turn away and depart. ﴿فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:144); ﴿وَلّٰى مُدْبِرًا وَّلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ﴾ (An-Naml 27:10)
Form V (tafaʿʿul) تَوَلّٰى يَتَوَلّٰى تَوَلِّيًاtawallā yatawallā tawalliyan: (1) to take someone as a friend (2) to turn one's face away, to turn away; the general rule is that when no object is mentioned, or the preposition "عَنْʿan" is present (even if implicit), the sense is turning away, and when the object follows directly, the sense is befriending. ﴿وَمَنْ يَّتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنْكُمْ فَاِنَّهُۥ مِنْهُمْ﴾ (Al-Māʾidah 5:51); ﴿فَاِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلٰغُ﴾ (An-Naḥl 16:82)