(ض) سَبَقَ يَسْبِقُ سَبْقًاsabaqa yasbiqu sabqan: to move fast; to go ahead; (1) (of a word or decree) to go forth beforehand, i.e. to be settled, to be decided. ﴿وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَّبِّكَ﴾ (Yūnus 10:19) (2) to get ahead of someone's grasp, i.e. to escape. ﴿اَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِيْنَ يَعْمَلُوْنَ السَّيِّاٰتِ اَنْ يَّسْبِقُوْنَا﴾ (Al-ʿAnkabūt 29:4) (3) to get ahead in some work, i.e. to take the lead, to be first (4) to go beyond someone's word, i.e. to disobey, to transgress. ﴿لَا يَسْبِقُوْنَهُۥ بِالْقَوْلِ﴾ (Al-Anbiyāʾ 21:27)
سَابِقٌsābiq (active participle, ism fāʿil): one who goes ahead; foremost. ﴿وَالسّٰبِقُوْنَ السّٰبِقُوْنَ﴾ (Al-Wāqiʿah 56:10)
مَسْبُوْقٌmasbūq (passive participle, ism mafʿūl): one whose grasp is escaped, i.e. rendered helpless, outstripped. ﴿وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَسْبُوْقِيْنَ﴾ (Al-Wāqiʿah 56:60)
Form III (mufāʿalah) سَابَقَ يُسَابِقُ مُسَابَقَةًsābaqa yusābiqu musābaqatan: to try to get ahead of another; to rush; سَابِقْsābiq (imperative, amr): go ahead, hasten. ﴿سَابِقُوْٓا اِلٰى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِّنْ رَّبِّكُمْ﴾ (Al-Ḥadīd 57:21)
Form VIII (iftiʿāl) اِسْتَبَقَ يَسْتَبِقُ اِسْتِبَاقًاistabaqa yastabiqu istibāqan: to strive to get ahead, i.e. to compete in getting ahead, to race. ﴿وَاسْتَبَقَا الْبَابَ﴾ (Yūsuf 12:25); ﴿فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرٰتِ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:148)