(ن) نَفَسَ يَنْفُسُ نَفْسًاnafasa yanfusu nafsan: to breathe; (س) نَفِسَ يَنْفَسُ نَفَاسَةًnafisa yanfasu nafāsatan: to be stingy, to envy. (This verb is not used in the Quran.)
نَفْسٌnafs pl. اَنْفُسٌ وَنُفُوْسٌanfus wa-nufūs (noun, ism dhāt): soul, self, person; it occurs very frequently in the Quran. ﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَآئِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ﴾ (Āl ʿImrān 3:185); ﴿وَاِذَا النُّفُوْسُ زُوِّجَتْ﴾ (At-Takwīr 81:7)
نَفِيْسٌnafīs (adjective on the pattern of فَعِيْلٌfaʿīl): precious. (This word is not used in the Quran.)
Form V (tafaʿʿul) تَنَفَّسَ يَتَنَفَّسُ تَنَفُّسًاtanaffasa yatanaffasu tanaffusan: to breathe; using this word for the morning is a most subtle metaphor, as if the morning were breathing. Only once in the Quran: ﴿وَالصُّبْحِ اِذَا تَنَفَّسَ﴾ (At-Takwīr 81:18)
Form VI (tafāʿul) تَنَافَسَ يَتَنَافَسُ تَنَافُسًاtanāfasa yatanāfasu tanāfusan: to strive to outdo one another for something precious; مُتَنَافِسٌmutanāfis pl. مُتَنَافِسُوْنَmutanāfisūna (active participle, ism fāʿil). Only once in the Quran: ﴿وَفِيْ ذٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنٰفِسُوْنَ﴾ (Al-Muṭaffifīn 83:26)