(ن) فَضَلَ يَفْضُلُ فَضْلًاfaḍala yafḍulu faḍlan: for a thing to exceed the average or the due measure; this may be commendable, as in excelling in knowledge or rank, or blameworthy, as in excess of anger and the like; generally the word «فَضْلfaḍl» is used for the commendable kind and «فُضُوْلfuḍūl» for the blameworthy. (This verb is not used in the Quran in the bare triliteral (thulāthī mujarrad).)
فَضْلٌfaḍl (noun, ism dhāt): something given beyond what is due, favour, bounty. ﴿ذٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللّٰهِ يُؤْتِيْهِ مَنْ يَّشَآءُ﴾ (Al-Jumuʿah 62:4)
Form II (tafʿīl) فَضَّلَ يُفَضِّلُ تَفْضِيْلًاfaḍḍala yufaḍḍilu tafḍīlan: to raise someone above another in something commendable, to grant excellence. ﴿تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلٰى بَعْضٍ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:253)
Form V (tafaʿʿul) تَفَضَّلَ يَتَفَضَّلُ تَفَضُّلًاtafaḍḍala yatafaḍḍalu tafaḍḍulan: to make oneself out greater than others, to assert superiority. ﴿يُرِيْدُ اَنْ يَّتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ (Al-Muʾminūn 23:24)