(ض، ن) عَقَبَ يَعْقِبُ وَيَعْقُبُ عَقْبًاʿaqaba yaʿqibu wa-yaʿqubu ʿaqban: to strike the back of the foot, i.e. the heel; with this basic sense it is used in several meanings: (1) to come after (2) to succeed someone (3) after one thing has passed, for its other side to appear, as the morning comes after the night, i.e. for a result to appear, for a recompense to come to light.
عَقِبٌʿaqib pl. اَعْقَابٌaʿqāb (noun, ism dhāt): the rear part of something; (1) heel (2) sons, grandsons, etc. ﴿نَكَصَ عَلٰى عَقِبَيْهِ﴾ (Al-Anfāl 8:48)
عُقْبٌʿuqb (noun, ism dhāt): result, outcome.
عُقْبٰىʿuqbā (feminine of the elative, ism tafḍīl, on the pattern of فُعْلٰىfuʿlā): that which comes later or last of all, i.e. the result or recompense that appears in the end; mostly used in two senses: (1) final (2) recompense. ﴿اُولٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عُقْبَي الدَّارِ﴾ (Ar-Raʿd 13:22)
عَاقِبَةٌʿāqibah (noun, ism dhāt): recompense, outcome (whether good or bad). ﴿وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِيْنَ﴾ (Al-Aʿrāf 7:128)
عَقَبَةٌʿaqabah: a steep, difficult mountain pass. ﴿فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ﴾ (Al-Balad 90:11)
Form IV (ifʿāl) اَعْقَبَ يُعْقِبُ اِعْقَابًاaʿqaba yuʿqibu iʿqāban: to give something in return for something, to recompense. ﴿فَاَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِيْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ﴾ (At-Tawbah 9:77)
Form II (tafʿīl) عَقَّبَ يُعَقِّبُ تَعْقِيْبًاʿaqqaba yuʿaqqibu taʿqīban: to be behind, to put behind; to turn and look back.
مُعَقِّبٌmuʿaqqib (active participle, ism fāʿil): one who stays behind, one who puts behind. ﴿لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِۦ﴾ (Ar-Raʿd 13:41)
Form III (mufāʿalah) عَاقَبَ يُعَاقِبُ مُعَاقَبَةً وَعِقَابًاʿāqaba yuʿāqibu muʿāqabatan wa-ʿiqāban: to go after one another; with this basic sense it comes in several meanings: (1) to wrong someone (2) to requite a wrong (3) to take someone to task for a wrong, to punish.
عَاقِبْʿāqib (imperative, amr): requite, punish. ﴿وَاِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوْا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوْقِبْتُمْ بِهِۦ﴾ (An-Naḥl 16:126); ﴿اِنَّ اللّٰهَ شَدِيْدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:196)