ا ل مʾ-l-m
(س) أَلِمَ يَأْلَمُ أَلَمًاal-ima yaʾlamu al-aman: to feel pain, to suffer. ﴿فَاِنَّهُمْ يَاْلَمُوْنَ كَمَا تَاْلَمُوْنَ﴾ (An-Nisāʾ 4:104). Note: the verb form (bāb) is determined by the Quranic imperfect (muḍāriʿ) itself, "يَأْلَمُyaʾlamu".
أَلَمal-am (besides a verbal noun (maṣdar), also a noun (ism dhāt)): pain, suffering.
أَلِيْمal-īm (pattern (wazn) فَعِيْلfaʿīl): intensely painful — in the Quran this adjective is reserved for punishment, and the pattern فَعِيْلfaʿīl indicates that the pain is lasting and deep-seated. ﴿وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ اَلِيْمٌ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:10). This root occurs 75 times in the Quran: three times as a verb and 72 times as the adjective أَلِيْمal-īm.